T3 is one of the two major hormones released from the thyroid. It is also the more important one because it is more potent than T4. Therefore, T3 level is crucial to.Thyroid hormone influences a wide range of processes, including growth, development, maturation of the nervous system, reproduction, metabolism, and muscle function. Hyperthyroidism: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology. Genetic factors appear to influence the incidence of thyrotoxicosis. Autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto hypothyroidism and Graves disease, often occurs in multiple members of a family. Several genetic syndromes have been associated with hyperthyroidism, especially autoimmune thyroid disease. Mc. Cune- Albright syndrome is caused by mutations in the GNAS gene. This gene encodes the stimulatory G- protein alpha subunit, which is a key component of many signal transduction pathways. Levothyroxine is typically used to treat hypothyroidism, and is the treatment of choice for people with hypothyroidism, who often require lifelong.
Patients present with the classic triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, irregular caf. The syndrome may also include facial asymmetry, Cushing syndrome, hyperthyroidism, and acromegaly. These disorders include the following: Familial gestational hyperthyroidism. One type of nonimmune hyperthyroidism. Congenital nongoiterous thyrotoxicosis. Toxic thyroid adenoma with somatic mutation. Type II autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome is associated with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, as well as type 1 diabetes mellitus and adrenal insufficiency. Patients may also have immune deficiency, as manifested by chronic mucosal candidiasis. Graves disease is felt to be an HLA- related, organ- specific defect in suppressor T- cell function. Similarly, subacute painful or granulomatous thyroiditis occurs more frequently in patients with HLA- Bw. Like other immune diseases, these thyroid conditions occur more frequently in women than in men. With the availability of genome- wide association studies, more than a dozen genes and gene regions have been found to be associated with an increased risk for development of thyrotoxicosis, particularly Graves disease. One study, however, found an association between development of toxic multinodular goiter (Plummer disease) and a single- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TSHR gene. This SNP was seen in 9. Graves disease, and 3. Iodine intake. Iodine intake also appears to influence the occurrence of thyrotoxicosis. Clearly, patients in borderline iodine- deficient areas of the world develop nodular goiter, often with areas of thyroid autonomy. When members of this population move to areas of sufficient iodine intake, thyrotoxicosis occurs. Evidence exists that iodine can act as an immune stimulator, precipitating autoimmune thyroid disease and acting as a substrate for additional thyroid hormone synthesis. Graves disease. The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Graves disease (5. Graves disease is an organ- specific autoimmune disorder characterized by a variety of circulating antibodies, including common autoimmune antibodies, as well as anti- TPO and anti- TG antibodies. The most important autoantibody is TSI, which is directed toward epitopes of the TSH receptor and acts as a TSH- receptor agonist. Like TSH, TSI binds to the TSH receptor on the thyroid follicular cells to activate thyroid hormone synthesis and release and thyroid gland growth (hypertrophy). This results in the characteristic picture of Graves thyrotoxicosis, with a diffusely enlarged thyroid, very high radioactive iodine uptake, and excessive thyroid hormone levels compared with a healthy thyroid (see the images below). Thyroid hormone levels can be highly elevated in Graves disease. Clinical findings specific to Graves disease include thyroid ophthalmopathy (periorbital edema, chemosis . This autoimmune condition may be associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, vitiligo, adrenal insufficiency, celiac disease, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Subacute thyroiditis. The next most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is subacute thyroiditis (approximately 1. A typical nuclear scintigraphy scan shows no radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) in the thyrotoxic phase of the disease (see the images below). Thyroid hormone levels can be highly elevated in this condition. Absence of iodine 1. I) radioactive iodine uptake in patient with thyrotoxicosis and subacute painless or lymphocytic thyroiditis. Laboratory studies at time of scan demonstrated the following: thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH), less than 0. IU/m. L; total thyroxine (T4), 2. Absence of thyroid uptake, low T3- to- T4 ratio, and low ESR confirm diagnosis of subacute painless thyroiditis. Toxic multinodular goiter. Toxic multinodular goiter (Plummer disease) accounts for 1. It occurs more commonly in elderly individuals, especially those with a long- standing goiter. Thyroid hormone excess develops very slowly over time and often is only mildly elevated at the time of diagnosis. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis are mild, often because only a slight elevation of thyroid hormone levels is present, and the signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis often are blunted (apathetic hyperthyroidism) in older patients. However, very high thyroid hormone levels may occur in this condition after high iodine intake (eg, with iodinated radiocontrast or amiodarone exposure). Toxic adenoma. Toxic adenoma is caused by a single hyperfunctioning follicular thyroid adenoma. This disorder accounts for approximately 3- 5% of thyrotoxicosis cases. The excess secretion of thyroid hormone occurs from a benign monoclonal tumor that usually is larger than 2. The excess thyroid hormone suppresses TSH levels. RAIU usually is normal, and the radioactive iodine scan shows only the hot nodule, with the remainder of the normal thyroid gland suppressed because the TSH level is low. Other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Several rare causes of thyrotoxicosis exist that deserve mention. Struma ovarii is ectopic thyroid tissue associated with dermoid tumors or ovarian teratomas that can secrete excessive amounts of thyroid hormone and produce thyrotoxicosis. The antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone, which is rich in iodine and bears some structural similarity to T4, may cause thyrotoxicosis (see Thyroid Dysfunction Induced by Amiodarone Therapy). Iodide- induced thyrotoxicosis also occurs in patients with areas of thyroid autonomy, such as a multinodular goiter or autonomous nodule. Iodide- induced thyrotoxicosis appears to result from loss of the normal adaptation of the thyroid to iodide excess. It is treated with cessation of the excess iodine intake and with administration of antithyroid medication. Usually, after depletion of the excess iodine, thyroid functions return to preexposure levels. Patients with a molar hydatidiform pregnancy or choriocarcinoma have extremely high levels of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (. At very high levels of . These lesions maintain the ability to make thyroid hormone, and in patients with bulky tumors, production may be high enough to cause thyrotoxicosis. Reference Range, Interpretation, Collection and Panels. Description. The chemical structure of triiodothyronine is C1. H1. 2 I3 NO4. The thyroid is the only tissue that can oxidize iodide to a higher valence state that is essential for iodide organification and thyroid hormone biosynthesis. This is mediated by an enzyme called peroxidase (thyroperoxidase) and occurs at the luminal surface of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Thyroperoxidase, a tetrameric protein with a molecular weight of 6. Da, requires hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2) as an oxidizing agent. The H2 O2 is produced by a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Antithyroid drugs such as the thiourea group inhibit iodide oxidation and therefore its subsequent incorporation into monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT). Once iodination occurs, the iodine does not readily leave the thyroid. Free tyrosine can be iodinated but is not incorporated into proteins since t. RNA does not recognize iodinated tyrosine. The coupling of two DIT molecules to form T4 or of one DIT and one MIT to form T3 occurs within the thyroglobulin molecule. A separate coupling enzyme has not been found, and, since this is an oxidative process, it is believed to be mediated by the same thyroperoxidase by stimulation of free radical formation from iodotyrosine. Thyroid hormones thus formed are stored in the thyroglobulin until it is degraded and the hormones are released into the circulation. An enzyme called deiodinase removes iodide from the inactive monoiodothyronine and diiodothyronine molecules in the thyroid, which restores most of the iodide used in the biosynthesis of T4 and T3. From the thyroid hormones released into the bloodstream, a peripheral deiodinase in target tissues such as the pituitary, kidney, and liver selectively removes iodide from the 5. In the end organ, T3 is present in the two following forms: Type 1, which is present within the liver and accounts for 8. T4. Type 2, which is present within the pituitary gland. Thus, like thyroglobulin, T4 may also be considered a prohormone, the difference being that T4 has some intrinsic activity, while T3 is actually used by the end organ, and almost all metabolic activity depends on the action of T3. The effect of T3 on target tissues is about 4 times more than T4. T3 is just 2. 0% of the total thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland, while T4 is 8. However, the concentration of T3 in the human blood plasma is about 1/4. T4. This is observed in fact because of the short half- life of T3, which is only 2. T4 is about 6. 5 days. The thyroid hormones T3 (and T4) are transported in the circulation bound mainly to the protein carrier thyroid- binding protein thyroxine- binding globulin (TBG). Other binding proteins such as thyroxine- binding prealbumins and albumins are also present. More than 9. 9% of the T3 in the circulation is bound to TBG and several other minor proteins, while the remaining T3 exists as free hormone. In other words, the amount of free triiodothyronine is about 1/1. It is a measurement of the fraction of the circulatory T3 that exists in the free state in the blood, unbound to protein. It is important in evaluating the effectiveness of thyroid replacement therapy, in ruling out T3 thyrotoxicosis, and in detecting protein- binding abnormalities. In the peripheral tissues, the hormones bind to thyroid receptors in almost all the major organ systems in the body that are concerned with metabolism (eg, heart, brain, liver, muscle, skin). Being lipophilic, T3 (and T4) passes through the phospholipid bilayers of target cells. At the cellular level, T3 increases the basal metabolic rate by the production of the Na+/K+ - ATPase and, thus, increases the body's oxygen and energy consumption. T3 stimulates the production of RNA polymerase I and II and, therefore, increases the rate of protein synthesis, as well as its breakdown. Thus, when T3 levels are increased, the rate of protein breakdown exceeds the rate of synthesis, and weight is lost. It increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose synthesis, resulting in gluconeogenesis. It also stimulates the breakdown of cholesterol and increases the number of low- density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, thereby increasing the rate of lipolysis. In the target organs (eg, heart), T3 increases the heart rate and force of contraction, thus increasing cardiac output by increasing . This results in increased systolic blood pressure and decreased diastolic blood pressure. T3 is essential for the development of the lungs and nervous system in the fetus and newborn and its growth through infancy and childhood. It is also important in the development of the musculoskeletal system. When the levels of thyroid hormones are deranged, the symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism are apparent and may be reflected in the blood levels of these hormones, most specifically TSH, produced and secreted by the pituitary gland. In fact, TSH levels are generally measured as the first line of testing in determining thyroid status, whether normal (euthyroid), hyperfunctioning (hyperthyroid), or hypofunctioning (hypothyroid), because the production and release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland depends on the pituitary- hypothalamus axis, which functions on the principle of negative feedback. This means that, when normal amounts of thyroid hormones are present in the blood, TSH release is suppressed; it is elevated when hormone levels are low and depressed when hormone levels are high. TSH release is further controlled by thyrotropin- releasing hormone (TRH) secreted by the hypothalamus, again by negative feedback. Primary thyroid dysfunction (ie, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) results from disease in the thyroid gland itself, caused by either deficiency or absence of processing enzymes or an autoimmune process attacking these enzymes or the cellular architecture of the gland. It also results from deficiency in the intake of thyroid hormones (eg, endemic goiter) or impaired uptake and processing of iodine due to drugs. Secondary hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism results from disease and/or dysfunction of the pituitary or the hypothalamus, leading to abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland. Goiter, or thyromegaly (ie, enlargement of the thyroid gland), may or may not occur with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland does not become smaller than normal. Hyperthyroidism may result from increased levels of both T3 and T4, T3 only (T3 toxicosis), or T4 only (T4 toxicosis). T3 toxicosis may be caused by a toxic nodule and is generally seen in elderly individuals. In these patients, a subnormal T4 level, if measured in isolation, may give a mistaken impression of hypothyroidism. T4 toxicosis may result from increased iodine intake; in T3 or T4 toxicosis, the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is not affected. The symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism include insomnia, weight loss, increased sweating, fatigue, loose motions, oligomenorrhea, tremors, palpitations, intolerance to heat and/or light, anxiety, tachycardia, eye changes, infertility, and osteoporosis. All or some of these features may be present in the same patient. In elderly persons, these changes may be missed owing to the effects of aging; this is termed . The most common method for the estimation of T3 is enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detailed description of the contents of the kit, instructions as to its use, and interpretation of results are outlined in the kit and are not mentioned in detail here. The human T3 ELISA kit, which uses a monoclonal anti- T3 and T3- horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate, can be used to measure very low concentrations of T3 in small serum volumes (5. The buffer and sample are incubated together with anti- T3 antibody. Afterward, the diluted T3- HRP conjugate is added to each well and incubated. After incubation is complete, the T3 ELISA kit. Then, the wells are incubated with a substrate for the enzyme, the reaction of which results in a complex with a blue color. In the final step, the reaction is stopped upon addition of a stopping solution, and the color of the solution then changes to yellow. The image below depicts an ELISA washer. The color intensity is measured in a microplate reader with spectrophotometry at 4. Because the T3 from the sample competes with the T3- HRP conjugate for the anti- T3 antibody. As the T3 from the sample occupies more sites, fewer sites are left to bind T3- HRP conjugate since the site number is limited. Standards of known T3 concentrations are processed simultaneously with the samples undergoing assay, and a standard curve that relates the color intensity (optical density) to T3 concentration is plotted. Indications. T3 levels are obtained in suspected cases of hyperthyroidism, either because the patient has typical symptoms or when the TSH levels are lower than normal. Mild or subclinical hyperthyroidism occurs when the TSH level is low but the T4 and T3 levels are normal. Obvious hyperthyroid signs and symptoms exist when the TSH is low and the T4 and T3 levels are high or at the higher end of normal. Normal or low T3 or T4 levels along with high TSH levels suggest mild or subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism, respectively, while normal to low T3 and T4 levels along with a low TSH level suggest nonthyroidal and pituitary or secondary hypothyroidism. A synthetic preparation of T3 may be used as replacement therapy in patients with low- T3 syndrome and concomitant cardiomyopathy. Drugs that cause elevated or false- positive values include amiodarone, aspirin, carbamazepine, fenoprofen, phenytoin, ranitidine, thyroxine, and levothyroxine. Drugs that cause reduced or false- negative values include corticosteroids, methimazole, propranolol, somatostatin, and radiographic agents. Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses. What are the possible side effects of liothyronine (Cytomel)? Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Less serious side effects may include temporary hair loss (especially in children). This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at.. Read All Potential Side Effects and See Pictures of Cytomel »What are the precautions when taking liothyronine sodium (Cytomel)? Before taking liothyronine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: decreased adrenal gland function, kidney disease (e. Levothyroxine - Wikipedia. This article is about levothyroxine as a pharmaceutical drug. For its role as a hormone, see Thyroid hormone. Levothyroxine. Clinical data. AHFS/Drugs. com. Monograph. Medline. Plusa. 68. Pregnancycategory. US: A (No risk in human studies)Routes ofadministrationby mouth, intravenous. ATC code. Legal status. Legal status. Pharmacokinetic data. Bioavailability~1. Metabolismmainly in liver, kidneys, brain and muscles. Biological half- lifeca. It may also be used to treat and prevent certain types of thyroid tumors. It is not indicated for weight loss. Levothyroxine is taken by mouth or given by injection into a vein. Maximum effect from a specific dose can take up to six weeks to occur. Use is not recommended in people who have had a recent heart attack. Use during pregnancy has been found to be safe. It is recommended that dosing be based on regular measurements of TSH and T4 levels in the blood. Much of the effect of levothyroxine is following its conversion to triiodothyronine (T3). Other predictors of the required dosage are sex, BMI, deiodinase activity (SPINA- GD) and etiology of hypothyroidism. Food and Drug Administration pregnancy categories, levothyroxoine has been assigned Pregnancy Category A. Long- term suppression of TSH values below normal values will frequently cause cardiac side- effects and contribute to decreases in bone mineral density (low TSH levels are also well known to contribute to osteoporosis). Acute overdose may cause fever, hypoglycemia, heart failure, coma, and unrecognized adrenal insufficiency. Acute massive overdose may be life- threatening; treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Massive overdose can be associated with increased sympathetic activity and thus require treatment with beta- blockers. Examples include calcium and iron supplements taken within four hours of levothyroxine. Grapefruit juice may delay the absorption of levothyroxine, but based on a study of 1. Combination of levothyroxine with ketamine may cause hypertension and tachycardia. On the other hand, lithium can cause hyperthyroidism (but most often hypothyroidism) by affecting iodine metabolism of the thyroid itself and thus inhibits synthetic levothyroxine as well. The bioavailability of the drug is decreased by dietary fiber. There are also numerous generic versions. The related drug dextrothyroxine (D- thyroxine) was used in the past as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) but was withdrawn due to cardiac side effects. References. The American Society of Health- System Pharmacists. Retrieved 8 December 2. Pharmacology for Women's Health. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. World Health Organization. Retrieved 8 December 2. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2. Deluxe Lab- Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). Retrieved 2. 0 April 2. American Academy of Family Physicians. Retrieved 2. 0 April 2. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Annals of Internal Medicine. Retrieved 2. 0 April 2. Retrieved 2. 0 April 2. Retrieved 1. 8 July 2. Retrieved 2. 0 April 2. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. Retrieved 3. 1 October 2. Neafsey; Laura Cox Dzurec (2. The Internet Journal of Advanced Nursing Practice. New York: Mary Ann Liebert. ISBN 9. 78- 3- 8. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 4. IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. Retrieved 2. 0 April 2. Institute for Safe Medication Practices. Retrieved 2. 0 April 2.
0 Comments
Analytical Instrument Repair & Calibration —Moyer Instruments, Inc. Instrumentation can be sent in for repair, or we can travel to your. An error occurred while setting your user cookie. Please set your. browser to accept cookies to continue. This cookie stores just a. ID; no other information is captured. Accepting the NEJM cookie is.
PS1. 00. 0 Program (Official)Maca. Maca is a Peruvian root known to improve energy and stamina, improve the quality of sleep, and reduce stress. It contains many fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, such as calcium, magnesium, silica, amino acids, antioxidants, alkaloids and sterols. Maca can be an aid in any diet. Glucomannan. Glucomannan is viscous dietary fiber derived from the root of Amorphophallus konjac. Beta- Alanine has been shown to help increase strength and reduce body fat. Glutamine. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid found in muscles. It helps build and maintain muscle tissue, and it also helps prevent muscle wasting, decreases sugar cravings, and the desire for alcohol. Ornithine. Ornithine helps to prompt the release of growth hormones that promote the metabolism of excess body fat (this effect is enhanced if combined with Arginine). Serine. Serine is needed for the proper metabolism of fats and fatty acids, the growth of muscle, and the maintenance of a healthy immune system. Glutamic. Glutamic acid is an excitatory neurotransmitter for the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord; it is important in the metabolism of sugars and fats. Vitamin B6. Our Vitamin B6 is derived from Pyridoxal 5 Phosphate (P- 5- P) and is five times more absorbable than other B6’s. B6 is required for proper absorption of vitamin B1. Rhodiola. Rhodiola, more commonly known as goldenrod, is a plant that is known to improve physical and mental performance, reduce fatigue, enhance mood, and improve endurance. Did you know that where you store fat on your body is critical to what you should be putting on your plate? Filling your diet with body-type-specific foods will help. Diet Reviews - feature hundreds of reviews across many categories, and our team of expert health professionals look at each with a constructive, unbiased perspective. Rhodiola is also known for helping strengthen the nervous system, enhance memory, and aid weight reduction. Arginine. Arginine aids in weight loss, as it facilitates an increase in muscle mass and a reduction of body fat. It also assists the release of growth hormones, which is crucial for “optimal” muscle growth and tissue repair. African Mango. African Mango (Irvingia gabonensis) enhances the activity of the hormone Leptin that plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and optimizing metabolism. Glycine. Glycine retards muscle degeneration, and it also improves glycogen storage freeing up glucose for energy needs. Valine. Valine is needed for muscle metabolism and coordination, tissue repair, and for the maintenance of proper nitrogen balance in the body. It also acts as a mood elevator, suppresses the appetite, and helps reduce body fat. Methyl B1. 2Methyl B1. Niacin helps to improve circulation and reduce cholesterols, and is important to the health of the nervous system, digestive system, skin, eyes, and hair. Vitamin EVitamin E is added, as the conversion of B- 1. Morning Editorial Report. All the day's headlines plus Opinion editor James Freeman's early take. Moyer Instruments, Inc. Threats in other settings (i.e. Vitamin and Nutritional Supplements: Are They Killing You? The Nutritional Supplement Mentality. When you start eating Paleo, you simply won. Forest Service on a wild fire crew in Markleville, California. During the summer of 1. I bunked with eight other fire fighters in a rustic shack where we shared a communal kitchen and bathroom. As an 1. 8 year old barely out of my parent. Instead of focusing upon natural, healthy foods in my diet, I was suckered into focusing upon nutrients. Until only recently this perspective has dominated scientific as well as lay thought on healthful elements that made up nutritious diets. To quote a recent study by Drs. Lichtenstein and Russell. Tufts University which appeared in the prestigious Journal of the American Medical Association, . These data suggest that other factors in food or the relative presence of some foods and the absence of other foods are more important than the level of individual nutrients consumed. Similarly, athletic drinks boasting of vitamins, amino acids and additives are nothing more than liquid candy. The food processing industry . We need to get back to healthy eating patterns characterized by traditional foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, seafood and grass produced meats that have nourished and sustained our species from the very beginning. When we eat real, living foods there is little or no need to supplement our diet with any vitamin, mineral or single nutrient thought to be protective against disease. The mentality that has dominated nutritional thought in the post- World War II era since vitamins and supplements became widely available was: if a little bit is good, more must be better. If you visit your local pharmacy or health food store and decide to buy a mixed B vitamin formula, or even a multivitamin, you are immediately met with a staggering number of choices. Do you want the 1. You ask the clerk, and she says go with the 1. For our hunter gatherer ancestors, micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals) have always been consumed in a range of concentration that was available through diet only. Further, processed foods were not on the menu, nor were vitamin supplements or fortified foods. Accordingly, our ancestral vitamin, mineral and nutrient intake would have always fallen within a narrow range . Additionally, the relative levels of one B vitamin to another or any single nutrient to another. I can tell you right now that it would have been impossible for any hunter gatherer to ever obtain 1. DRI for any B vitamin, much less 1. Similarly, the natural ratio of one B vitamin to the next or any nutrient to another would never have been exactly one to one as it is in most modern vitamin formulations. OK. Paracelsus, one of the greatest Renaissance physicians of 1. Europe is credited with this quote, . Below is a graph known as a . What may surprise you is that excessive intake of many so called, . Prior to the Agricultural Revolution, it would have been difficult or nearly impossible for any forager to develop a vitamin or nutrient deficiency by falling on the left hand side of the curve. Wild plant and animal foods are rich sources of all known nutrients required for optimal human health. When these foods or their modern counterparts are regularly consumed, nutrient deficiencies never develop. Only in the post- agricultural period could people have wound up on the left side of the . Vitamin and mineral deficiencies became commonplace in early farmers as nutrient poor cereal grains replaced wild meats, fish, fruits and vegetables. With the industrial revolution and introduction of refined grains, sugars, vegetable oils, canned foods and eventually processed and junk food, the consumption of nutrient depleted foods became the norm. I realize that many of you may be taking high doses of B and antioxidant vitamins because you think they provide protection from cancer and heart disease. Nothing could be further from the truth, and in fact this practice will increase your risk of dying from cancer, heart disease and all causes combined. Except for fish oil and vitamin D, supplementation is a total waste of your time and money. Starting in 1. 99. U. S. Food and Drug Administration mandated that all enriched wheat flour was to be fortified with folic acid. Because most commercial wheat products (breakfast cereals, bread, cookies, cakes, crackers, doughnuts, pizza crust, hamburger and hotdog buns, wheat tortillas etc.) are made with enriched wheat flour, essentially the entire U. S. As I and others have pointed out this practice produced marginal reductions in neural tube defects, but moreover increased the risk for breast, prostate and colorectal cancers for the entire U. S. The most commonly supplemented antioxidants are beta carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium. If people are deficient in these nutrients, there is little doubt that health will suffer. On the other hand more is definitely not better. Biological systems, like our bodies operate optimally when nutrients are supplied to them in the ranges for which they were designed. If you underinflate a tire, your car performs poorly . Just like tires, our body. These are highly reactive particles formed within our tissues as byproducts of metabolism. Excessive free radicals may damage cells and tissues in many ways. In animal experiments, high free radical production can promote cancer, heart disease and premature aging. Our bodies use dietary antioxidants to disarm free radicals and thereby prevent damage to cells. We also manufacture antioxidants within our bodies which work together with dietary antioxidants to keep free radicals at bay. An often overlooked fact when it comes to free radicals is that they are necessary components of normal body function and a healthy immune system. Free radicals are used by the immune system to destroy cancer cells, kill invading microorganisms and detoxify cells. If we overload our bodies with massive doses of antioxidants, these essential functions are impaired as normal free radical activity is suppressed. Alternatively, supra normal doses of antioxidant vitamins upset other delicate aspects of cellular machinery which can actually turn antioxidants into pro- oxidants and ultimately increase free radical activity. In 1. 99. 4 one of the first inklings that high doses of antioxidants may be harmful surfaced with the completion of the ATBC study, a randomized, placebo controlled experiment of 2. The idea behind this experiment was to determine if beta carotene or vitamin E supplementation could reduce lung cancer incidence in this group of heavy smokers. Further, the men taking vitamin E suffered more hemorrhagic stroke than those taking placebo pills. A similar randomized placebo controlled trial known as the CARET study had been on- going concurrently with the ATBC study. In the CARET trial smokers and former smokers received beta carotene (2. A (2. 5,0. 00 I. U.) for an average of five years. The men who received the antioxidants experienced a 2. The CARET trial was immediately stopped when the results of the ATBC trial were reported. In the years since the ATBC and CARET trials, more convincing data have verified the harmful effects of antioxidant supplementation. A 2. 00. 7 meta analysis of 6. E, beta carotene, or vitamin A increased overall death rates. In 2. 00. 8, a large randomized controlled trial (The SELECT study) of vitamin E and selenium supplementation in 3. A large m eta analysis involving 2. A, vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium) did not protect against gastrointestinal cancer, but rather increased overall death rates. A series of recent meta analyses (combined results from many studies) show that high vitamin E intake may be particularly dangerous. Miller and colleagues at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine analyzed 1. Schurks and co- workers at Harvard Medical School concluded, . In The Physicians’ Health Study, a randomized, placebo- controlled trial of vitamins E and C in 1. These data provide no support for the use of these supplements for the prevention of cancer in middle- aged and older men. Bleys and colleagues have demonstrated in a meta analysis of 1. His concluding remarks were as follows: . Our findings add to recent skepticism about the presumed beneficial effects of vitamin- mineral supplementation on clinical cardiovascular endpoints. If you are an athlete a series of recent human and animal experiments suggest that mega doses of vitamin C may have detrimental effects upon your performance. Surprisingly, supplementation with vitamin C may decrease training efficiency, cancel beneficial effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity, and delay healing after exercise. In addition, vitamin C supplementation did not decrease free radical damage to DNA that may occur following exercise. These kinds of studies further cement the notion that fitness, vitality and well- being can never be achieved by single isolated nutrients, supplements or fortified foods. In fact, the available evidence conclusively shows these compounds are harmful by causing nutritional imbalances within our bodies. The Paleo Diet has never been about supplements, but rather about real, wholesome living foods. A closing thought. Supplementation can also be hazardous to our children. A number of studies have demonstrated that multivitamin supplementation. A, D, E and C. 1. Cordially,Loren Cordain, Ph. D., Professor Emeritus. REFERENCES1. Alcock N, Macintyre I. Inter- relation of calcium and magnesium absorption. ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. The Alpha- Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. Apr 1. 4; 3. 30(1. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Systematic review: primary and secondary prevention of gastrointestinal cancers with antioxidant supplements. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Sep 1. 5; 2. 8(6): 6. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Steps to Choosing the Right Thyroid Hormone. This article is part of a special report on Thyroid Disorders. To see the other articles in this series. My answer is always the same: “It depends.” As much as some practitioners would like to make us believe, there is simply no “one size fits all” approach to thyroid hormone replacement. Statements like “Synthroid is best” or “I prefer to use synthetic T4 with my patients” or “I only use bio- identical hormones” demonstrate a lack of understanding of thyroid pathology. Because, as I’ve explained in this series, the underlying causes of thyroid dysfunction are diverse. Giving all patients the same thyroid medication without understanding the mechanisms involved is analogous to not checking a patient’s blood type before doing a transfusion. Granted, the consequences may not be as severe, but the underlying principle is the same. Before we continue, let me remind you that I’m not a doctor and I’m not offering you medical advice. My intent is to educate you about the various considerations that should be made when choosing a thyroid medication, so you can discuss them with your doctor. Let’s move on. Choosing the right thyroid medication requires answering the following three questions: What’s the mechanism that led to the need for medication in the first place? Are there any mechanisms that may interfere with the actions of the medication? Does the patient have sensitivities to the fillers used in the medications? Let’s look at each of these in turn. What’s the mechanism that led to the need for medication in the first place? If you’ve been following this series, you know that there’s no single cause for low thyroid function. Do you have an autoimmune disease (Hashimoto’s) causing destruction of your thyroid gland? Do you have high levels of estrogen causing an increase in thyroid binding proteins and a decrease in free thyroid hormone? Do you have a systemic inflammatory condition affecting your ability to convert T4 to T3, or decreasing the sensitivity of the cells in your body to thyroid hormone? In order to choose the right hormone, you have to know what the underlying mechanism causing the dysfunction is. Let’s look at an example. Say you have a problem converting T4 to T3.
Mem: Thank you for the kind words! I'm of two minds about posting our personal stories. On the one hand, I think it helps writers if they are honest and open about. In this situation, your TSH may or may not be slightly elevated, but let’s say it is, and your doctor prescribes Synthroid. Synthroid is a synthetic T4 hormone. Will this help you? No. It won’t help because your problem in this example isn’t a lack of T4, it’s an inability to convert T4 to the active T3 form. You could take T4 all day long, and it won’t do a thing unless your body can convert it. The first step in this case would be to address the causes of the conversion problem (i. If that doesn’t work, though, what you’d need in this situation is either a so- called bio- identical hormone that has a combination of T4 and T3, or a synthetic T3 hormone (like Cytomel). These will deliver the T3 you need directly, bypassing the conversion problem. Are there any mechanisms that may interfere with the actions of the medication? The vast majority of long- term hypothyroid patients that haven’t been properly managed find that they constantly need to increase the dose of their medication, or switch to new medications, to get the same effect. There are several reasons for this. First, inflammation (which is characteristic of all autoimmune diseases, and Hashimoto’s is no exception) causes a decrease in thyroid receptor site sensitivity. This means that even though you may be taking a substantial dose of replacement hormone, your cells aren’t able to utilize it properly. Malnutrition or malnourishment is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes. Who knew that eating MORE carbs was just the ticket to help raise my body temperature and help my thyroid? How I Raised My Body Temperature with Carbs. Ayurveda Research Papers (CCA Student papers) The selected papers published on our website have been written by students of the California College of Ayurveda as a. A quick look at the history or fasting, both for spiritual and for health reasons. I would like to be fit and trim annd most. Second, elevations in either testosterone or estrogen (extremely common in hypothyroid patients) affect the levels of circulating free thyroid hormone. For example, high levels of estrogen will increase levels of thyroid binding protein. Thyroid hormone is inactive as long as it’s bound to this protein. If you take thyroid replacement, but you have too much binding protein, there won’t be enough of the active form to produce the desired effect. Third, there are several medications that alter the absorption or activity of T4. These include commonly prescribed drugs like antibiotics & antifungals (i. Many popular thyroid medications contain common allergens such as cornstarch, lactose and even gluten. As I explained in a previous post, most hypothyroid patients have sensitivities to gluten, and many of them also react to corn and dairy (which contains lactose). Synthroid, which is one of the most popular medications prescribed for hypothyroidism, has both cornstarch and lactose as a filler. Cytomel, which is a popular synthetic T3 hormone, has modified food starch – which contains gluten – as a filler. Even the natural porcine products like Armour suffer from issues with fillers. In 2. 00. 8, the manufacturers of Armour reformulated the product, reducing the amount of dextrose & increasing the amount of methylcellulose in the filler. This may explain the explosion of reports by patients on internet forums and in doctor’s offices that the new form of Armour was either “miraculous” or “horrible”. Those that had sensitivities to dextrose were reacting less to the new form, and experiencing better results, while those that had sensitivities to methylcellulose were reacting more, and experiencing worse results. The best choice in these situations is to ask your doctor to have a compounding pharmacy fill the prescription using fillers you aren’t sensitive to. Unfortunately, insurance companies sometimes refuse to cover this. Other considerations. Another common question that is hotly debated is whether bio- identical or synthetic hormones are best. Once again, the answer is: “It depends.” In general I think bio- identical hormones are the best choice. A frequently perpetuated myth (in Synthroid marketing, for example) is that the dosages and ratio of T4: T3 in Armour aren’t consistent. Studies have shown this to be false. Armour contains a consistent dose of 3. T4 and 9 mcg T3 in a ratio of 4. However, in some cases patients do feel better with synthetic hormones. One reason for this is that a small subset of people with Hashimoto’s produce antibodies not only to their thyroid tissue (TPO and TG), but also to their own thyroid hormones (T4 and T3). These patients do worse with bio- identical sources because they increased the source of the autoimmune attack. Another issue is the use of T3 hormones. As we’ve discussed, T3 is the active form and has the greatest metabolic effects. The flip side of this, however, is that it’s far easier to “overdose” on T3 than on T4. Patients with trouble converting T4 to T3 do well on synthetic T3 or bio- identical combination T4: T3 products. But for many patients with Hashimoto’s, which is can present with alternating hypo- and hyperthyroid symptoms, T3 can push them over the edge. They are generally better off with T4 based drugs. As you can see, the best thyroid hormone for each patient can only be determined by a full thyroid work- up and exam, followed by trial and error of different types of replacement medications. Such a work- up would include not just an isolated TSH test, but also a more complete thyroid panel (including antibodies), other important blood markers (glucose, lipids, CBC with diff, urinary DPD, etc.) and possibly a hormone panel. A history must be taken with particular attention paid to the patient’s subjective response to replacement hormones they may have tried in the past. Unfortunately, this rarely happens in the conventional model, where the standard of care is to test only for TSH. If it’s elevated, the patient will get whatever hormone that particular practitioner is fond of using without any further investigation. And all too often, as many of you can attest, this simplified and incomplete approach is doomed to failure. Like what you’ve read? Sign up for FREE updates delivered to your inbox. I hate spam too. Your email is safe with me. How to raise your basal body temperature. And slap you upside the head with it. If you would like to find out more about the basis of why the following information works so well (and I have 3. There are other factors involved, most of them hereditary in nature (but can still be overcome with the right approach). In a world in which we have developed serious calorie phobia, carbohydrate phobia, fat phobia, couch potato phobia, saturated fat and cholesterol phobia, and more . It is counterproductive and worsens the underlying disorder. Dr. Atkins perhaps said it best when he wrote. This is usually not a problem with the thyroid gland (therefore blood tests are likely to be normal) but with the liver, which fails to convert T4 into the more active thyroid principle, T3. The diagnosis is made on clinical ground with the presence of fatigue, sluggishness, dry skin, coarse or falling hair, an elevation in cholesterol, or a low body temperature. I ask my patients to take four temperature readings daily before the three meals and near bedtime. If the average of all these temperatures, taken for at least three days, is below 9. F (3. 6. 5 C), that is usually low enough to point to this form of thyroid problem; lower readings than that are even more convincing. When metabolism increases, your chances of conception and a successful pregnancy skyrocket. I highly recommend going through the following steps to anyone looking to get pregnant . Having a high metabolism going into pregnancy, and producing abundant progesterone has all kinds of benefits to the offspring . Progesterone increases the elasticity of cervical tissues! Making childbirth a LOT less painful. Alright, so we. If you consistently have a body temperature below 9. F when you wake up in the morning (rectal temps being the most reliable), you can fix this. It is not hard, unless you consider being on vacation and spa days hard. It is very common for people of all ages, male and female, to see increases in body temperature from as low as 9. F to 9. 8F and above in less than 3. It really is that simple and reliable. The hard part is getting people to try it because it sounds so strange in contrast to the exercise more/eat less, . Emphasize the more calorie- dense unrefined carbohydrates like root vegetables, fruit, and grains in particular, but also eat a satisfying amount of meat, fat, dairy products (milk is incredible for body temperature), and whatever else that you find enjoyable. But keep it as nutritious and unprocessed as possible. Eating more than you want to eat is what forces your body to get out of its low metabolism rut. Go at least 1. 2 hours straight per day without food . So if you eat dinner at 7pm, have breakfast at 7am. I believe this practice can make the body more responsive to the hormone leptin, probably the most important hormone in fertility (because it raises thyroid and progesterone). Get as much sleep as possible. Sleep is an incredibly powerful tool for raising metabolism. Avoid vigorous exercise. This is not a permanent recommendation obviously. You can resume getting more vigorous exercise once your body temperature is fully restored. Emphasize saturated fats over unsaturated fats. Dairy products, red meat, and coconut products are the best source of dietary saturated fats. You should eat these preferentially over nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, avocado, and other plant fats . While eating a lot, sleeping a lot, and avoiding excessive exercise is inherently de- stressing, it also pays to spend time doing something that you find leisurely or enjoyable and mentally and physically relaxing, which is highly individual. Massage and sunbathing would be my two personal favorites! And, well. Those are not bad signs, but signs of deep physiological relaxation and/or signs of adjustment to the new transition. Give it a full 3. Matt Stone, author of 7 books, is an independent health researcher who emphasizes the dangers of dieting and restricted and restrained eating of many varieties, and raising metabolism naturally. He is the voice of www. Note from Donielle – I use the i. Basal* for checking daily basal temperatures and love that it also keeps track of my cycle and fertile days for me. Matt uses this thermometer*. Some links in our posts might be affiliate links. This means that, at no additional cost to you, earn affiliate marketing commission if you make a purchase. Thanks for your support! Share this post with your friends! Not only does fat oxidation itself increase, but your body starts producing enough ketones that they can be used as a significant source of fuel as well. Ketones are derived from partially metabolized fat, and they can be used in many of the same tissues of the body as glucose can, including much of the brain. The benefits of using fat and ketones rather than glucose for fuel are many, and are the main subject of this site. However, it takes time for the metabolism to adjust to producing and using ketones at a significant rate. Even though changes are evident within days of carbohydrate restriction, improvements continue for weeks. In brief: Carbohydrate- based fueling is a self- perpetuating cycle: it runs out quickly, and every time you eat more carbs you delay adaptation to fat- burning. Fat- based fueling is sustainable, because it allows access to a very large store of energy without you frequently stopping to refuel. About 1. 00 grams can be stored in the liver, and about 4. Muscle glycogen can only be used by the muscle it is stored in — it can't go back to the bloodstream — so the liver glycogen is the only source that can be used to keep blood sugar stable, and provide fuel for the brain. If you are not making use of ketones for fuel, then this is not enough glucose to get through a typical day, let alone a day when you are doing something strenuous. If you depend on glucose metabolism, then you have to frequently replenish your glycogen stores or you will begin to feel tired, physically and mentally. There are basically two ways to get the necessary glucose, and only one of them involves eating it. The first is to eat carbohydrate. Unfortunately, every time you ingest more than a small amount of carbohydrate, it stops all progression toward keto- adaptation. So this strategy is a Catch- 2. It makes you continually dependent on dietary carbohydrate. It locks you in, because supply is limited, but restocking prevents other fuels from becoming available. The other way to get glucose is to let the body make its own on demand out of protein. This process is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is the reason that eating carbohydrate is not necessary, even though some amount of glucose is manufactured and used internally. This is analogous to any other internally produced nutrient, such as vitamin D, which we don't need to ingest, because the body makes it in response to sun exposure, or to a hormone, like adrenaline, that we make and use every day, but don't need to get from food. One of the benefits that comes directly from this physiological mechanism is that on a keto diet you will no longer need to eat so often. Skipping a meal does not become an emergency, or even a problem. What exactly happens during keto- adaptation? In the first few days of a keto diet, your body is still running on glycogen stores. This is the toughest part of the process, because in order to break the vicious cycle of glucose- based metabolism, you have to avoid eating carbohydrates, even though your glycogen stores are dwindling. Fat metabolism is still not optimized, and ketone production hasn't become significant. These combined effects are the origin of the claim that the weight lost on keto diets is due to water loss. This is easy to measure, and some keto dieters use it to know if they are hitting a low enough level of carbohydrate restriction. There is an interesting interplay between ketone use in the muscles and the brain. This means that at low levels of ketones, the brain's supply is not much affected, because the muscles intercede, but above some threshold, the brain's supply rapidly becomes much higher. The muscles in turn now rely on fat: they finally have access to a virtually unlimited supply of energy, which is particularly valuable for athletes. Much confusion has been generated by scientists not recognizing one or both stages of keto- adaptation. Be sure to get enough sodium: about 5 grams per day, or 2 teaspoons of table salt, will help prevent these symptoms. Adequate potassium may be necessary to preserve lean mass . We haven't tried this brand, but it's currently a good price. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 8. Thereafter they switched to a carbohydrate enriched diet during a 4- day period. The measurements were performed on the 3rd day and then repeated on the 7th day. The glycogen concentration in the thigh and the arm muscles was 4. Body weight increased 2. The total body water increased 2. The amount of glycogen stored was calculated to be at least 5. De. Fronzo (1. 98. The effect of insulin on renal sodium metabolism: A review with clinical implications. Diabetologia Volume 2. Number 3, 1. 65- 1. DOI: 1. 0. 1. 00. BF0. 02. 52. 64. 9. The primary action of insulin on sodium balance is exerted on the kidney. Increases in plasma insulin concentration within the physiological range stimulate sodium reabsorption by the distal nephron segments and this effect is independent of changes in circulating metabolites or other hormones. Several clinical situations are reviewed: sodium wasting in poorly controlled diabetics, natriuresis of starvation, anti- natriuresis of refeeding and hypertension of obesity, in which insulin- mediated changes in sodium balance have been shown to play an important pathophysiological role. The effect of a low- carbohydrate diet on performance, hormonal and metabolic responses to a 3. The aim of this study was to find out whether a low- carbohydrate diet (L- CHO) affects: (1) the capacity for all- out anaerobic exercise, and (2) hormonal and metabolic responses to this type of exercise. To this purpose, eight healthy subjects underwent a 3. Wingate test preceded by either 3 days of a controlled mixed diet (1. J/kg of body mass daily, 5. L- CHO diet (up to 5% carbohydrate, 5. Low- carbohydrate weight- loss diets. Effects on cognition and mood. Feb; 5. 2(1): 9. 6- 1. Epub 2. 00. 8 Aug 2. In the present experiment, cognitive effects of a low- carbohydrate diet were compared to those of another popular weight reduction diet over a 3- week period.. These data suggest that after a week of severe carbohydrate restriction, memory performance, particularly on difficult tasks (e. Comment: This paper is interesting. The low carb dieters experienced memory deficits one week into the diet, and long term memory problems later, but the long term memory experiments were from memories that were formed at that same one week point, and so the problems were likely to be from poor memory formation, not poor recall ability. When carbohydrates were reintroduced, cognition skills returned to normal. Taylor, professor of psychology at Tufts and corresponding author of the study. These impairments were ameliorated after reintroduction of carbohydrates. Low- carbohydrate dieters reported less confusion (POMS) and responded faster during an attention vigilance task (CPT) than ADA dieters. Hunger ratings did not differ between the two diet conditions. The present data show memory impairments during low- carbohydrate diets at a point when available glycogen stores would be at their lowest. A commonly held explanation based on preoccupation with food would not account for these findings. The results also suggest better vigilance attention and reduced self- reported confusion while on the low- carbohydrate diet, although not tied to a specific time point during the diet. Taken together the results suggest that weight- loss diet regimens differentially impact cognitive behavior. Nutrition & Metabolism 2. This was a study designed to evaluate the relative value of . The protein only diet consisted solely of boiled turkey (taken without the broth), whereas the protein plus carbohydrate consisted of an equal number of calories provided as turkey plus grape juice. Monitored for 4 weeks in a metabolic ward, the subjects taking the protein plus carbohydrate did fairly well at maintaining lean body mass (measured by nitrogen balance), whereas those taking the protein only experienced a progressive loss of body nitrogen. A clue to what was happening in this . Normally, nitrogen and potassium gains or losses are closely correlated, as they both are contained in lean tissue. Interestingly, the authors noted that the protein only diet subjects were losing nitrogen but gaining potassium. As noted in a rebuttal letter published soon after this report . Deprived of this potassium (and also limited in their salt intake), these subjects were unable to benefit from the dietary protein provided and lost lean tissue. Also worthy of note, although this study was effectively refuted by a well- designed metabolic ward study published 3 years later . Owen, Philip Felig, Alfred P. Morgan, John Wahren, and George F. Liver and kidney metabolism during prolonged starvation. March; 4. 8(3): 5. The concentration of free fatty acids. Welcome to the Judgment Free Zone. We’re Planet Fitness. Invalid address. Use any combination of street address, city state and/or zipcode. The innovative Life Fitness InMovement Treadmill Desk is the new way to take control of your health without sacrificing your work. Designed to eradicate the poor. LivingSocial helps you find the best deals in Lancaster / York with discounts up to 90% off restaurants, hotels, spas, and more! 2016 NEW YORK CITY SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROGRAM. ELIGIBILITY AND APPLICATION PROCESS. This website contains a listing of internship opportunities offered by. Javits Center. SUPPLIERS DAY 2. May. 0. 2. 2. 01. May. 2. 01. 7 Accessories. The. Show. May. 0. May. 2. 01. 7 MODA. May. 0. 7. 2. 01. May. 2. 01. 7 FAME. New York Escorts available 24/7 at NYC GFE Club. You will find best GFE experience with our party escorts NY. Call NY GFE Club now and hire one today. May. 0. 7. 2. 01. May. 2. 01. 7 Accessorie Circuit. May. 0. 7. 2. 01. May. 2. 01. 7 Intermezzo Collections. May. 0. 7. 2. 01. May. 2. 01. 7 POOLTRADESHOW. May. 0. 7. 2. 01. May. 2. 01. 7 SURTEX. May. 2. 1. 2. 01. May. 2. 01. 7 National Stationery Show. May. 2. 1. 2. 01. May. 2. 01. 7 Book Expo America. The official calendar schedule of the Washington Capitals including ticket information, stats, rosters, and more. Home; News; Community News; Sports; Menifee Homes; Classifieds. Shop Best Buy for kate spade New York designer cell phone cases, stylish laptop sleeves, cute portable chargers and more. Align with the World Leader in Fitness Entrepreneur ranks Anytime Fitness the #1 franchise in the world. Anytime Fitness is the world leader in the 24/7 fitness. New York offers so many things to do and see, even native New Yorkers can find themselves overwhelmed by the sheer volume of choices. Jun. 0. 1. 2. 01. Jun. 2. 01. 7 Book Con. Jun. 0. 1. 2. 01. Jun. 2. 01. 7 Cloud Computing Expo. Jun. 0. 6. 2. 01. Jun. 2. 01. 7 Green Festival 2. Jun. 1. 0. 2. 01. Jun. 2. 01. 7 International Franchise Expo. Jun. 1. 5. 2. 01. Jun. 2. 01. 7 Summer Fancy Food Show. Jun. 2. 5. 2. 01. Jun. 2. 01. 7 INFORUM. Jul. 0. 9. 2. 01. Jul. 2. 01. 7 MRket. Jul. 1. 6. 2. 01. Jul. 2. 01. 7 Vanguards Gallery. Jul. 1. 6. 2. 01. Jul. 2. 01. 7 PROJECT New York. Jul. 1. 6. 2. 01. Jul. 2. 01. 7 Texworld USA. Jul. 1. 7. 2. 01. Jul. 2. 01. 7 JA New York Summer Show. Jul. 2. 3. 2. 01. Jul. 2. 01. 7 CURVENEWYORK. Aug. 0. 6. 2. 01. Aug. 2. 01. 7 Now Hear This. Sep. 0. 8. 2. 01. Sep. 2. 01. 7 2. Original LGBT Expo. Sep. 0. 9. 2. 01. Sep. 2. 01. 7 SUNY College Night. Oct. 1. 1. 2. 01. Oct. 2. 01. 7 Audio Engineering Society. Oct. 1. 8. 2. 01. Oct. 2. 01. 7 NAB Show New York. Oct. 1. 8. 2. 01. Oct. 2. 01. 7 SMX EAST. Oct. 2. 4. 2. 01. Oct. 2. 01. 7 IFPDA Print Fair. Oct. 2. 5. 2. 01. Oct. 2. 01. 7 JA Special Delivery. Oct. 2. 9. 2. 01. Oct. 2. 01. 7 CHEM SHOW. Oct. 3. 1. 2. 01. Nov. 2. 01. 7 New York City Marathon. Nov. 0. 2. 2. 01. Nov. 2. 01. 7 PLAY FAIR. Nov. 0. 4. 2. 01. Nov. 2. 01. 7 Pri- Med. Nov. 1. 5. 2. 01. Nov. 2. 01. 7 Anime. NYC. Nov. 1. 8. 2. Nov. 2. 01. 7 TEXWORLD USA. Jan. 2. 2. 2. 01. Jan. 2. 01. 8 JA New York Spring. Mar. 1. 1. 2. 01. Mar. 2. 01. 8 MJSA Expo. Mar. 1. 1. 2. 01. Mar. 2. 01. 8 SURTEX. May. 2. 0. 2. 01. New User Registration. Club: Select Club Default Default Default Default Default Default Default Default. FW Training (ITN)1. Fitness - Bryant. Fitness - Conway. Fitness - Corporate. Fitness - Hwy 1. 01. Fitness - Jonesboro. Fitness - Maumelle. Fitness - Merrill. Fitness - North Little Rock. Fitness - Rodney Parham. Fitness - Springfield. Fitness - University. Year Lifestyle. 24/7 Fit Inc. EVRFit. 60. 0 Plus Gym. Spa. ABC Financial - Employee Club. Absolute Fitness. Academy of Human & Sports Performance. Access Change. Adam Strong LLCAdamson's Peak Performance - Redding. Addicted 2 Fitness. Adrenalin Gym. Advanced Fitness Concepts. Advanced Physique PT - Commercial EAdvanced Physique PT - Commercial WAdvanced Physique PT - Cooper City. Advanced Physique PT - Miami Lakes. Affordable Fitness - Murrieta. AIA 3. 65 - Arizona. All About You Exercise & Weight Management. All American Fitness - St Louis. All Pride Fitness (ITN)Alloy Personal Training Center. American Chiropractic - Thousand Oaks. American Diabetes Association Step Out. American Physique - Ridgewood. Angrist Chiropractic & Wellness Center. Anytime Fitness - Chino Hills. Anytime Fitness - College Station (ITN)Anytime Fitness - Dupont. Anytime Fitness - Indio. Anytime Fitness - Lake Murray. Anytime Fitness - Oak Hills. Anytime Fitness - Rancho Cordova. Anytime Fitness - Spanaway. Anytime Fitness - Westminster. Anytime Fitness - Yelm. Apex Health and Fitness. Arizona Pole- Vault Academy. Arlene Alpuerto College (ITN)Armstrong Fitness. Around the Clock Fitness - Alico Mission Way. Around the Clock Fitness - Ben C Pratt. Around the Clock Fitness - Boy Scout Dr. Around the Clock Fitness - Ceitus Terrace. Around the Clock Fitness - N Beneva Rd. Around the Clock Fitness - Tamiami Trail. Aspen Athletic Club - West Glen Town Center. Aspen Athletic Club - Cedar Rapids. Aspen Athletic Club - Fleur Drive. Aspen Athletic Club - Hickman Club. Aspen Athletic Club - Merle Hay Road. Aspen Athletic Club - Southeast 1. Aspen Fitness - Hesperia. Aspen Fitness - San Bernardino. A- Team Fitness (ITN)Athlete’s Addiction Strength and Speed. Athletes Edge - Bora Raton. Athletes Outdoors. Atlantic Beach Performance. Axiom - Fairview. Axiom - Meridian. Axiom - Parkcenter. Axiom - Village. B. L. A. T. Fit, LLCBalanced Body Fitness - New Hampshire. Battle. Fit Personalized Fitness. Battleground Fitness - Washington. Bay Area FFC - Capitol Expy. Bay Area FFC - Moorpark Ave. BCPTIBeacon Hill Athletic Club - Wellesley. Better Body Blitz. Better Body Fitness NWBig Sky - New Britain. Big Sky - Newington. Big Sky - Simsbury. Biggest Little Boot Camp - Sparks. Bio- Dynamix - Connecticut. Blake Howe Fitness. Blende Drug. Blue Pine. Apple Group. Blue Volcano Wellness. Body Balance Institute. Body Blendz - Burlington. Body Boutique - Kansas. Body Evolution Fitness - Florida. Body Logic Sports Therapy. Body Max Fitness / Southlake Nautilus. Body Renew Alaska - Eagle River. Body Renew Alaska – East. Body Renew Alaska - Midtown. Body Renew Alaska - Old Seward. Body Renew Alaska - Wasillabody. FIT - Kentucky. Body. Fuel - Nevada. Body. Max Fitness Centers - Merrillville. Body. Works - 3. 4th. Body. Works - 4th. Body. Works - 5. 0th. Body. Works - 8. 2nd. Body. Works for Women. Boomer Health Club. Breakthrough Fitness NY - Amboy Rd. Breakthrough Fitness NY - Clove. Breakthrough Fitness NY - Intoxx Fitness. Breakthru Fitness - Pasadena. Brian Woodford (ITN)Brooklin Novo Fitness Training - Oregon (ITN)Bryan College. C Fitness - Washington. C. A. S. T. Company - Illinois. Cafe Elite. CCS Fitness. Cheer Fit. CHRISTUS St Michael Health & Fitness Center. CIVITASCKO - North Brunswick. CKO - East Brunswick. CKO Kickboxing - Charlotte. CKO Kickboxing - Fanwood. CKO Kickboxing - Greenville. CKO Kickboxing - Hoboken. CKO Kickboxing - OTC Fitness. CKO Kickboxing - Somerset. CKO KIckboxing - South Charlotte. Clare Foundation (i. Recover. FIT)Clien. Trainers. Club Fitness. Club Olympia - Fond du Lac. Club Performax - Florida. Club. Ready. Club. Ready Elite. Colorado Nutrition for Health, Fitness & Performance. Colosseum Asbury. Commit To Fit, Inc. Commitment Fitness. Common Wealth Chiropractic. Conca Health and Fitness. Conejo Family Health. Connecticut Speed School. Core Sport. Council Health and Fitness. Courthouse Athletic Club. Cowboys. Fit. Crespi Football. Crossroads Fitness - Layton. Crossroads Fitness - Ogden. Crossroads Fitness - Sandy. Crossroads Fitness - West Jordan. Crunch - 1. 9th St (Chelsea)Crunch - 2. St Manhattan. Crunch - 3. Street. Crunch - 3. Street. Crunch – 5. Street. Crunch - 5. Street Fitness. Crunch - 5. Street. Crunch - 6. Street. Crunch - 8. Street. Crunch - 8. Street. Crunch - Addison TXCrunch - Alhambra (Polk St)Crunch - Aloha. Crunch - Alton. Crunch - Appleton. Crunch - Athens. Crunch - Aurora. Crunch - Beaverton. Crunch - Bellevue. Crunch - Blackhawk. Crunch - Bloomingdale/Brandon. Crunch - Boise Black Eagle. Crunch - Boise State Street. Crunch - Bonita Springs. Crunch - Bowery. Crunch - Bradenton. Crunch - Brook Road. Crunch - Burbank. Crunch - Bushwick. Crunch - Caldwell. Crunch - Carlsbad. Crunch - Carmel Valley. Crunch - Carolina PRCrunch - Carrollwood. Crunch - Cerritos. Crunch - Chatsworth. Crunch - Chestnut. Crunch - Chevy Chase. Crunch - Chino. Crunch - Citrus Heights. Crunch - Crown Heights. Crunch - Daly City. Crunch - Deltona. Crunch - Diamond Bar. Crunch - Eagle. Crunch - East Norriton. Crunch - Edinburg. Crunch - El Cajon. Crunch - Elk Grove. Crunch - Fair Lawn. Crunch - Fairless Hills. Crunch - Flatbush. Crunch - Florence. Crunch - Fountain Valley. Crunch - Ft Greene. Crunch - Ft Myers. Crunch - Garwood. Crunch - Granite Bay. Crunch - Greenpoint. Crunch - Gresham. Crunch - Hamilton. Crunch - Hemet. Crunch - Hills Plaza. Crunch - Hoboken. Crunch - Huntingdon Valley. Crunch - Huntington Beach. Crunch - Jamacha. Crunch - John Street. Crunch - La Verne. Crunch - Lake Forest. Crunch - Lakewood. Crunch - Lakewood. Crunch - Laredo. Crunch - Long Beach. Crunch - Marlboro. Crunch - Medford. Crunch - Meridian. Crunch - Meridian Silverstone. Crunch - Monroeville. Crunch - Moreno Valley. Crunch - Mt Prospect. Crunch - Nampa. Crunch - Naples. Crunch - National City (Bonita)Crunch - New Montgomery. Crunch - Newport News. Crunch - North Bergen. Crunch - North Brunswick. Crunch - North Charleston. Crunch - North Riverside. Crunch - Northridge. Crunch - Northridge MMACrunch - Norwalk CTCrunch - Norwood. Crunch - Oakland Park. Crunch - Omaha Deerfield. Crunch - Omaha Deerfield (Bill To)Crunch - Orange. Crunch - Palm Beach Gardens. Crunch - Paramus. Crunch - Park Ave. Crunch - Park Slope. Crunch - Parkland. Crunch - Placentia. Crunch - Port Chester. Crunch - Portland (Division)Crunch - Poughkeepsie. Crunch - Rancho Cucamonga. Crunch - Redwood City. Crunch - Reston Town Center. Crunch - Richmond Glenside. Crunch - Richmond Hill. Crunch - Riverside. Crunch - Rocklin. Crunch - Roslindale. Crunch - Sacramento Howe. Crunch - San Clemente. Crunch - San Dimas. Crunch - San Lorenzo. Crunch - San Marcos. Crunch - San Mateo. Crunch - Santa Maria. Crunch - Sarasota (Southside)Crunch - Schaumburg. Crunch - Scott's Addition. Crunch - Serra Mesa. Crunch - Simi Valley. Crunch - Somerset. Crunch - Stanhope. Crunch - Staten Island. Crunch - Stockton. Crunch - Stratford. Crunch - Sunset. Crunch - Temecula. Crunch - The Hub. Crunch - Toms River. Crunch - Tribeca. Crunch - Tustin. Crunch - Tyson Corner. Crunch - Union Square. Crunch - Union Street. Crunch - Upland. Crunch - Vista. Crunch - Walnut Creek. Crunch - Washington Ave. Crunch - Waterfront. Crunch - Wayne. Crunch - West End. Crunch - White Plains NYCrunch - Woodbridge. Crunch - Yerba Buena. Crunch - York (Loucks Rd)Crunch Australia - Chatswood. Crunch Columbia. Custom Built. D and G Fitness. DAC Fitness - Collierville. DAC Fitness - Laurelwood. DAC Fitness - Smoothie Bar. DAC Fitness - Southaven. Dan Dickau Basketball Academy. Dan Henderson Athletic Club. David Scott Associates. David Scott Associates - Ship to address. Defined Fitness LLC - Pennsylvania. Desert Fitness - Gilbert. Destination Fitness. DG2. 3 Fitness. Diamondback Bikes. Dietary Support Club. Diet. Bug. Dinuba Xcelerate Fitness. DIRT Fitness - Boca Raton. DIRT Fitness - Delray Beach. District 3. 6dot. FIT - Sponsored Athletes (Default)dot. FIT Consumer Club. Dr Fiorillo's Wellness & Training Studio. Drake Fitness - Alabama. Drenched Fitness - Westlake Village. Drop. 10 Fitness. Dynamic Health and Fitness - Balbwinsville. Eagle Pointe Recreation Complex. East. Bay. Trainer - Hercules. Eat. 2Compete. com (Ken Hoover)Eat. Compete. com (Ken Hoover) Default. ECAC - Everett. ECAC - Monroe. ECAC - Seattle. Edge Family Fitness. Edge Fitness - Kalispell. Elements Athletic Club. Elevation - Fitness. Elite Combine Training & Baseball. Elite Fitness Plus - Westlake Village. Elvira's Funzone Fitness & Spin. Emerald City Smoothie - Monroe. Endurance Fitness (ALPN) - Grand Rapid. Endurance Fitness (KENT) - Kentwood. Energy Fitness - Johnson City. EOS Fitness - Ahwatukee. EOS Fitness - Avondale. EOS Fitness - Downtown Phoenix. EOS Fitness - Durango. EOS Fitness - Gilbert. EOS Fitness - Las Vegas Aliante. EOS Fitness - Las Vegas Centennial. EOS Fitness - Las Vegas Northwest. EOS Fitness - Las Vegas South. EOS Fitness - Las Vegas Southeast. EOS Fitness - Murrieta. EOS Fitness - North Scottsdale. EOS Fitness - Palm Desert. EOS Fitness - Palm Springs. EOS Fitness - Peoria. EOS Fitness - San Diego. EOS Fitness - Temecula South. EOS Fitness - Tempe. Epic Fitness - Wauwatosa. EQ Fitness. ESAC - Coleman. ESAC - Daniel Island. ESAC - Dorchester Road. ESAC - Goose Creek. ESAC - Hanahan. ESAC - Johnnie Dodds. ESAC - Long Point. ESAC - Moncks Corner. ESAC - Park West. ESAC - Summerville. ESAC - West Ashley - Pine Point. ESAC - West Ashley - Savannah Hwy. Evergreen Fitness Center - Port Townsend. Every Body Fitness. EVO - Birmingham. Evolution X Fitness. Exercise 4 UR Life (ITN)Exercise Nation - Ellicott City. Exercise Nation - Lutherville. Explosive Sports Performance. F4. L - Bentonville. F4. L - Springdale. Family Circle Fitness - Hagerstown. Fast Action Training - San Jose. Felix Fortis Golf. Feminissima Fitness Club - Kissimmee. Fierce Fitness - Portland. Fight Club - Miami. Fit & Firm 4 Life - Denver. Wir verwenden Cookies, um Inhalte zu personalisieren, Werbeanzeigen ma. Wenn du auf unsere Webseite klickst oder hier navigierst, stimmst du der Erfassung von Informationen durch Cookies auf und au. Weitere Informationen zu unseren Cookies und dazu, wie du die Kontrolle dar. Our facility is designed to help women incorporate all aspects of fitness into any and all workout programs. Shape Fitness a family owned and operated Oklahoman 24 hour gym. Gym in Midwest city, Harrah, Tecumseh, Choctaw. 24/7 Access to: Free weights. 24 Fit Gym Okc24 Hour Fitness Center (360. Maintaining your healthy lifestyle is easy at the SpringHill Suites Oklahoma City Airport. Work out with the experts at All American 24 Hour Fitness in Oklahoma City. 24 hour fitness gym in Oklahoma City, OK.
24 Hour Fitness is a physical fitness facility located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. View phone number, employees, products, revenue, and more. Welcome to your neighborhood 24 hour gym in Oklahoma City! Whether you're a beginner or a fitness regular. Discover Company Info on 24 Hour Fitness Usa, Inc. 24 HOUR FITNESS USA, INC. Oklahoma Secretary Of State Business. Many people with bulimia nervosa also suffer from depression. Anorexia nervosa involves a pattern of self- starvation. Patients often have an accompanying anxiety disorder (such as obsessive compulsive disorder) or depression. Patients with anorexia and depression have a high risk for suicide. Complications of Bulimia Nervosa. Many medical problems are directly associated with bulimic behavior, including: Tooth erosion, cavities, and gum problems. Water retention, swelling, and abdominal bloating. Low potassium levels. Irregular menstrual periods. Swallowing problems and esophagus damage. Drug and alcohol abuse. Complications of Anorexia Nervosa. Anorexia nervosa can increase the risk for serious health problems such as: Hormonal changes including reproductive, thyroid, stress, and growth hormones. Heart problems such as abnormal heart rhythm. Electrolyte imbalance. Fertility problems. Bone density loss. Anemia. Neurological problems. Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive- behavioral therapy, which is given along with nutritional counseling, is the preferred psychotherapeutic approach. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine (Prozac, generic), are the first choice for drug therapy. Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa. Unlike bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa does not respond well to drug treatment, although SSRIs are sometimes used as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Nutritional rehabilitation therapy, which may include the entire family, is an important part of the treatment process. Patients who are severely underweight and who have other physical risks may need to be hospitalized while weight is restored. Introduction. Eating disorders are psychological problems marked by an obsession with food and weight. There are four general categories of eating disorders: Bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa. Binge eating. Eating disorders not otherwise specified. Bulimia Nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is more common than anorexia, and it usually begins early in adolescence. It is characterized by cycles of bingeing and purging, and typically takes the following pattern: Bulimia is often triggered when young women attempt restrictive diets, fail, and react by binge eating. Binge eating involves consuming larger than normal amounts of food within a 2- hour period. Calorie counts and complete nutrition facts for Hardee's from the CalorieLab Nutrition Database. In response to the binges, patients compensate, usually by purging, vomiting, using enemas, or taking laxatives, diet pills, or drugs to reduce fluids. Patients then revert to severe dieting, excessive exercise, or both. Some patients with bulimia follow bingeing only with fasting and exercise. They are then considered to have non- purging bulimia. The cycle then swings back to bingeing and then to purging again. To be diagnosed with bulimia, a patient must binge and purge at least twice a week for 3 months. In some cases, the condition progresses to anorexia. One Simple Place To Get Answers For Healthy Living From A-Z. A comparison of fast food restaurants and their nutrition facts to see which is the least healthy. See calories, trans fat, carbs and more. Eating disorders Description. An in-depth report on the treatment and prevention of eating disorders. Anorexia; Bulimia; Binge eating. Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) Nutrition Facts & Calorie Information A Nutrition Guide to the Kentucky Fried Chicken Menu for Healthy Eating. Get the nutrition facts on all your favorite Baja Fresh Mexican food. World's Most Effective Fat Burner Designed Specifically for Women - Hydroxycut Max Advanced with Real. Most people with bulimia, however, have a normal to high- normal body weight, although it may fluctuate by more than 1. Anorexia Nervosa. The term . Anorexia can be associated with medical conditions or medications that cause a loss of appetite. Anorexia nervosa involves a psychological aversion to food that leads to a state of starvation and emaciation. In anorexia nervosa: At least 1. The patient with anorexia nervosa has an intense fear of gaining weight, even when severely underweight. Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a distorted image of their own weight or body shape and deny the serious health consequences of their low weight. Patients with this condition are often characterized as anorexia restrictors or anorexic bulimic. Each type is equally common. Anorexia restrictors reduce their weight by severe dieting. Anorexic bulimic patients maintain emaciation by purging. Although both types are serious, the bulimic type, which imposes additional stress on an undernourished body, is the more damaging. Binge Eating (Binge Eating Disorder)Bingeing without purging is characterized as compulsive overeating (binge eating) with the absence of bulimic behaviors, such as vomiting or laxative abuse (used to eliminate calories). Binge eating usually leads to becoming overweight. To be diagnosed as a binge eater, a patient typically: Consumes 5,0. Eats three meals a day plus frequent snacks. Overeats continually throughout the day, rather than simply consuming large amounts of food during binges. Treatment for binge eating is usually similar to treatment for bulimia. Since binge eating is often associated with obesity, it may also require weight and dietary management. This category includes: Infrequent binge- purge episodes (occurring less than twice a week or having such behavior for less than months)Repeated chewing and spitting without swallowing large amounts of food. Normal weight and anorexic behavior. Such patients tend to be older at diagnosis. Although less serious than other eating disorders, these patients still face similar health problems, including a higher risk for fractures. Causes. There is no single cause for eating disorders. Although concerns about weight and body shape play a role in all eating disorders, the actual cause of these disorders appears to involve many factors, including those that are genetic and neurobiological, cultural and social, and behavioral and psychological. Although much has been written about the roles of families and parenting as causes of eating disorders, there is no solid evidence supporting this claim. Genetic Factors. Anorexia is eight times more common in people who have relatives with the disorder. Studies of twins show they have a tendency to share specific eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity). Researchers have identified specific chromosomes that may be associated with bulimia and anorexia. Biologic Factors. The body’s hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA) may be important in eating disorders. This complex system originates in the following regions in the brain: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a small structure that plays a role in controlling behaviors such as eating, sexual behavior, and sleeping, and regulates body temperature, hunger and thirst, and secretion of hormones. Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is involved in controlling thyroid functions, the adrenal glands, growth, and sexual maturation. Amygdala. This small almond- shaped structure lies deep in the brain and is associated with regulation and control of major emotional activities including anxiety, depression, aggression, and affection. The HPA system releases certain neurotransmitters (chemical messengers in the brain) that regulate stress, mood, and appetite. Abnormalities in the activities of three of them, serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, may play a particularly important role in eating disorders. Serotonin is involved with well- being, anxiety, and appetite (among other traits), and norepinephrine is a stress hormone. Dopamine is involved in reward- seeking behavior. Imbalances with serotonin and dopamine may explain in part why people with anorexia do not experience a sense of pleasure from food and other typical comforts. Cultural Pressures. The media plays a role in promoting unrealistic expectations for body image and a distorted cultural drive for thinness. At the same time, cheap and high- caloric foods are aggressively marketed. Such messages are contradictory and confusing. Risk Factors. In the United States, about 7 million females and 1 million males suffer from eating disorders. Age. Eating disorders occur most often in adolescents and young adults. They are also becoming increasingly prevalent among young children. Eating disorders are more difficult to identify in young children because they are less commonly suspected. Gender. Eating disorders occur predominantly among girls and women. About 9. 0 - 9. 5% of patients with anorexia nervosa, and about 8. Race and Ethnicity. Most studies of individuals with eating disorders have focused on Caucasian middle- class females. However, eating disorders can affect people of all races and socioeconomic levels. Personality Disorders. People with eating disorders tend to share similar personality and behavioral traits including low self- esteem, dependency, and problems with self- direction. Specific psychiatric personality disorders may put people at higher risk for eating disorders. Avoidant Personality Disorder. Some studies indicate that many patients with anorexia nervosa have avoidant personalities. This personality disorder is characterized by: Being a perfectionist. Being emotionally and sexually inhibited. Wanting to be perceived as always being . Obsessive- compulsive personality disorder defines certain character traits (being a perfectionist, morally rigid, or preoccupied with rules and order). This personality disorder is strongly associated with a higher risk for anorexia. These traits should not be confused with the anxiety disorder called obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD), although they may increase the risk for this disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with self- destructive and impulsive behaviors. People with BPD tend to have other co- existing mental health problems, including eating disorders. Narcissistic Personality Disorder. People with narcissistic personalities tend to: Have an inability to soothe oneself. Have an inability to empathize with others. Have a need for admiration. Be hypersensitive to criticism or defeat. Accompanying Mental Health Disorders. Many patients with eating disorders experience depression and anxiety disorders. It is not clear if these disorders, particularly obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD), cause the eating disorders, increase susceptibility to them, or share common biologic causes. Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Obsessive- compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that may occur in up to two thirds of patients with anorexia and up to a third of patients with bulimia. Practical Dermatology - On Dosage and Diet: Isotretinoin 1. January 2. 01. 4)Isotretinoin is one of the most essential agents in the treatment of acne, but dietary and dosage considerations must be made to maximize efficacy. Author: Joshua Zeichner, MDFor the past three decades, isotretinoin has been one. Since 2. 00. 6, the brand name Accutane. Unlike other therapies, it addresses. It is a lipophilic molecule, which. The accepted target treatment goal is a cumulative dose. In the initial clinical. Accutane, 8. 5 percent of patients cleared after. Among the reasons given that patients. While initial dosing. Moreover. absorption is influenced by dosing (daily versus twice daily). DIET AND ISOTRETINOINFor optimal absorption, isotretinoin must be taken with. The FDA defines “high fat” as. Clinical trials. evaluating the efficacy and safety of isotretinoin are all performed. In the real world, where. Moreover, many dermatologists are not. Studies support that this “high fat” is not typical for. One study showed that 1. According to the. American Dietetic Association, more than 5. The reason for this is that many. One in 1. 0 girls (1. RECURRENCE AND INSUFFICIENT DOSING The goal of isotretinoin treatment is to give patients. Of. relapsed patients, 1. In addition, 2. 2 percent of. Risk factors for relapse include Male gender,9 Truncal. Macrocomedone predominance,2,1. Ovarian dysfunction,2,1. More severe disease. Longer. isotretinoin therapy (> 1. Younger age,1. 0- 1. Linear. lesions (sinus track disease),5 Insufficient dosing,2,9,1. Hemorrhagic PG type/acne fulminans,1. Urban setting. 1. One of the major, modifiable risk factors for relapse is. Prescribers must acknowledge that non- adherence. Patient- related factors cannot be controlled. Low doses of isotretinoin are often. Diet and number of doses per day can both affect drug. Plasma levels of isotretinoin in the fasting. Moreover, twice- daily dosing is a. In addition. trough levels of twice- daily dosing with isotretinoin actually. Currently, 6. 3 percent of. It is important to evaluate our patients with each visit to. If their skin and lips are not dry, they may not be. Is the patient taking. If so, is the patient absorbing it? In addition to giving out a prescription, we must educate. High- fat. high- calorie meals maximize absorption, and twice daily. Dr. Zeichner has served as a consultant or investigator for. Allergan, Beiersdorf, Galderma, Johnson and Johnson, L’Oreal. Medicis, Onset, Pharmaderm, Procter and Gamble, Promius. Ranbaxy, and Valeant. Joshua Zeichner, MD, FAAD is an Assistant Professor. Director of Cosmetic and Clinical Research in the. Department of Dermatology at Mount Sinai Medical. Center in New York. Gollnick H, Cunliffe W, Berson D, et al. Management of acne: a report from a Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in. Acne. 2. 00. 3 Jul; 4. Suppl): S1- 3. 7. Layton AM, Cunliffe WJ. Guidelines for optimal use of isotretinoin in acne. Dec; 2. 7(6 Pt. 2): S2- 7. Colburn WA, Gibson DM, Wiens RE, Hanigan JJ. Food increases the bioavailability of isotretinoin. Nov- Dec; 2. 3(1. US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. CDER). Guidance for Industry: Food- Effect Bioavailability and Fed Bioequivalence Studies. Washington DC: Office of Training. Communications; December 2. Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and. May; 1. 05(5): 7. Food: now and then – young people’s attitudes to healthy eating. Young People’s Food Choices: Attitudes to healthy eating and weight control, 1. Exeter, England: School of. Health Education Unit. Stainforth JM, Layton AM, Taylor JP, Cunliffe WJ. Isotretinoin for the treatment of acne vulgaris: which factors may. Sep; 1. 29(3): 2. Layton AM, Knaggs H, Taylor J, Cunliffe WJ. Isotretinoin for acne vulgaris- -1. Sep; 1. 29(3): 2. Prospective study of risk factors of relapse after treatment of acne with. Lehucher- Ceyrac D, de La Salmoni. Predictive factors for failure of isotretinoin treatment in. How can we treat difficult acne patients? Suppl 1: 2. 9- 3. Azoulay L, Oraichi D, B. Isotretinoin therapy and the incidence of acne relapse: a nested case- control study. Dec; 1. 57(6): 1. Isotretinoin (roaccutane) usage- -a South African consensus guideline. National Dermatology Working Group. Oct; 8. 7(1. 0 Pt 2): 1. Brazzell RK, Vane FM, Ehmann CW, Colburn WA. Pharmacokinetics of isotretinoin during repetitive dosing to patients. Woman encouraged husband to have sex with 1. By. Paul Thompson for Mail. Online. Updated. 1. BST, 2. 3 August 2. A woman encouraged her husband to have sex with a 1. Alicia Bouchard even sat and watched while her 2. Florida home. According to an arrest warrant, the 4. Arrested: Alicia Bouchard allegedly encouraged her husband Matthew Bouchard to have sex with a 1. Bouchard is alleged to have actively encouraged her husband to sleep with the girl who had been staying at their home in Jackson County, Florida. The sex and benefits scam began after the girl, who has not been named, told Bouchard that she was sexually active. Mrs Bouchard is alleged to have persuaded her to sleep with her husband Matt, telling her that 'the worse that could happen is you would get pregnant'. Her husband told authorities after his arrest on under age sex charges that it was his wife's goal that a pregnancy would lead to more income for the household. Police began investigating the Bouchard's after they received a complaint that the girl was being sexually abused. The arrest report does not reveal how the 1. Mr Bouchard was arrested on sex abuse charges last October and has been held in jail ever since. His wife's involvement began apparent went investigators talked to the 1. I am 50 years old and I was told I had COPD 10 years ago. I immediately quit smoking, but as the years pass by my situation gets worse, and I started having attacks. 12 month Baby Food Chart, 1 year baby meal plan along with recipes suitable for 1 year old babies and points to remember. Investigators also obtained a letter Mrs. Bouchard sent to the girl after she was placed in a shelter. In the letter, she apologised to the girl for forcing her to watch her and her husband have sex and also said it was a mistake to watch her husband have sex with the 1. She wrote she was 'dang sure . Her bond has been set at $7. Discover: How Does Beyond Diet Really Work & Will It Work For You? Woman 'encouraged husband to have sex with 12-year-old girl so that she would get pregnant and they could claim more benefits' By Paul Thompson for MailOnline. And so, this Definitive Guide to Dairy may come across. Your 1. 2 month old's development. What can my baby do this month? Your baby may soon be walking, if he isn’t already. As he becomes more mobile, his interest in noisy, boisterous activities is likely to increase. At least he will be getting plenty of exercise! Communication is becoming more two- way now and your baby enjoys these conversations. If you ask him where his nose is, he may be able to point to it. As his understanding grows you can start to teach him manners, such as saying please and thank you. You may be able to persuade him to help tidy up his toys, too. What sort of activities will my baby enjoy? The way your baby plays may be changing as he nears the end of his first year. Now that he has perfected the art of picking up and manipulating small objects with his hands, he may be interested in more energetic play to strengthen his arms and legs (Sheridan 2. Your baby will still be entertained by quieter activities for a few minutes, but his favourite games may now be noisier than before. Your baby probably thinks it’s fun to push, throw, and knock everything down (Sheridan 2. He’ll give you a toy as well as take one, and he may like games where he can put blocks in containers and tip them out again. This also works well with pots and pans. He can put little ones inside bigger ones, and get a thrill out of the loud sounds they make when banged together (NHS 2. Sheridan 2. 00. 8). He will love the freedom of opening the cupboard and playing with the contents stored inside. My baby makes a fuss before bed. How can I make naps and bedtimes easier? Nap time gives you a little bit of downtime to rest and recharge yourself or to get jobs done. But as your baby approaches his first birthday, he may begin to resist taking naps. His growing independence may also mean that he makes a fuss at bedtime. To help get your baby to sleep, follow a well- established bedtime routine, which may include a bath, or a massage. This may help him to settle and learn to sleep on his own without you soothing him to sleep (NHS 2. You can also read him a book, sing songs, or play some music before putting him in to bed. Whatever you do, make it a pleasurable, consistent routine with plenty of time for cuddles to help your baby relax. How can I help my baby to understand and use words? You can help your baby to make connections between objects and their names. The more you do this, the faster your baby’s vocabulary will grow. So keep talking to your baby and identifying things he can see (RCSLT 2. Talking Point 2. 00. The more times your baby hears a word, the quicker he will remember it (NHS 2. Talking Point n. d.). Count stairs as you climb them and point out the names and colours of the fruit and vegetables at the supermarket. Read your baby a picture book and ask him to point to or name familiar objects. Give him choices sometimes, too. Ask him if he’d like to wear the red or the blue socks, or if he’d like to play with his blocks or his stacking rings (NHS 2. RCSLT 2. 00. 3). Giving your baby choices will help to boost his vocabulary and knowledge of words. He may not answer your questions, but then again, you may be pleasantly surprised. As your baby develops and shows greater understanding, start teaching him manners and how to help out. Enjoying mealtimes as a family will help, as your baby will see and hear you saying please and thank you, and he may even try to join in. My baby hasn’t started to walk yet. Will he be able to soon? That major milestone is almost here. Sometime this month or next month, your baby may take his first steps alone (Sheridan 2. If your baby can’t do it for several more months yet, don’t worry. He’ll learn in his own time. At first, your baby may make his early strides on tiptoe with his feet turned outward. As he gains confidence and strength, he will start to walk in a more balanced way. As your baby learns to walk, he will probably be very unsteady on his feet (NHS 2. Keep an eye on him and be ready to pick him up with a kiss and a cuddle when he topples over. Is my baby developing normally? Each baby is unique. Your baby will meet physical milestones at his own pace. These are simply guidelines to what your baby has the potential to accomplish, if not right now, then soon. If your baby was born prematurely (before 3. That’s why most babies born prematurely are given two ages by their doctors: Chronological age, which is calculated from your baby’s date of birth. Corrected age, which is calculated from your baby’s due date. Your doctor and health visitor will also assess your premature baby’s development from the time he should have been born (Hall and Elliman 2. Now that your baby is almost a year old, he will need to have a health check by your health visitor (NHS 2. She will assess your baby’s learning and development, as well as his behaviour and diet. This is a good opportunity for you and your partner to talk about any worries you have, so jot down any questions you want to ask before the appointment. Go back to 1. 1 months. Go on to 1. 3 months to find out what your baby may do next! Health for all children. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2. NHS. Helping your baby to sleep. NHS Choices, Birth to five. Helping your child’s speech. Birth- to- five development timeline. Help your child to talk. Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. From birth to five years: children’s developmental progress. London: Routledge. Talking Point. Tips for talking: children aged 6 to 1. Tips for talking: children aged 1. Supporting children’s communication. Chicago's deadly 2. There were 7. 62 murders in Chicago in 2. It was the deadliest year in nearly two decades. Here's how we got to this point, what it means for the city and those whose lives have been changed forever. The number alone doesn't tell the entire story of Chicago's bloodshed. There's another statistic that points to a disturbing trend the city is facing: a surge. Five police districts on the south and west sides of the city accounted for nearly two- thirds of the increase in murders, according to Chicago police. The day- to- day breakdown of those figures is alarming. For example, there were 1. Father's Day weekend alone. The youngest victim was just 1. And crime didn't subside over the holidays. On Christmas weekend, 1. OTHER CITIESWhen you compare Chicago's murder rate to that of other big cities in the country - - New York and Los Angeles, for example - - it tops the list. But Chicago isn't necessarily the murder capital of the United States. New Orleans, St. Louis, Detroit, Baltimore and Newark all have higher figures when you drill down to a per- capita rate. THE PEOPLEOn New Year's Eve, people carried nearly 8. Chicago in 2. 01. We often point to Chicago's alarming homicide numbers, but the real tragedy in this city are the victims and the families left behind. One child age 1. 6 or younger is murdered in the city every week on average. This has been happening for more than a quarter century, police records show. On December 3. 1, 2. Chicagoans came together to mourn what they lost over a year: their loved ones, their sense of safety - - and, in many ways, the city they love. HIS SON WAS THE FIRST HOMICIDE OF 2. Renee Canady's son, Deandre Holiday, was killed in the early hours of January 1, 2. And I just want to tell them: be careful. Johnson, was killed on June 8, 2. Fierro said she feels empty without her son. Violence has been in Chicago for the last few years. Several children learn how to hit the floor at the sound of gunfire - - and it's a lesson they're taught before they're old enough to set foot in a classroom. THE GUN PROBLEMA lot of the homicides in Chicago are gun- related. In 2. 01. 6, there were 3,5. Chicago Police Department. Chicago has strict gun laws, which is why many gun rights advocates point to it as evidence that tighter regulation doesn't equal less crime. But Chicago's gun violence problem is more complicated. Sixty percent of the guns used in shootings were purchased out of state. Bruce Rauner recently signed a new gun control law that imposes harsher penalties on those who bring in guns from out of state to sell and do not have gun- owner ID cards. WHO'S TO BLAME? The street crime in Chicago has led to the killing of innocent bystanders and kept residents shut inside their homes out of fear. Police said the majority of the violence wasn't random. More than 8. 0% of fatal and nonfatal shooting victims in 2. CPD as being likely to be involved in an act of gun violence either as a victim or an offender. She also touched on how the city is still so segregated. Lack of resources for some of the neighborhoods, she said, is a major issue. Many Chicagoans partly blame the violence on economic struggles and lack of jobs. However, Chicago's unemployment rate fell from 6. THE POLICE AND THE COMMUNITYFor many residents in Chicago, there's also a deeply rooted distrust of the police force. The city's police department was under review for months in the wake of high- profile officer- involved shootings, including that of Laquan Mc. Donald. An independent task force accused the police department of institutional racism, saying officers . From January 1 to September 8, there were six deaths tied to officer- involved shootings, according to the Independent Police Review Authority. Attacks on officers, according to the Chicago Police Department, nearly doubled in 2. How will this all change in 2. Some people are moving. Others are refusing to go outside. This man traded a gun for a yoga mat. One woman patrols her street herself. But most of the people we've talked to in Chicago are united on a single desire: to make their city safe. They just don't know how. The police department said it has its priorities: expanding the department, new leadership and . Transformer - Wikipedia. A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in a second coil. Power can be transferred between the two coils through the magnetic field, without a metallic connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction discovered in 1. Transformers are used to increase or decrease the alternating voltages in electric power applications. Since the invention of the first constant- potential transformer in 1. Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a cubic centimeter in volume to units interconnecting the power grid weighing hundreds of tons. Basic principles. Ideal transformer. Ideal transformer equations (eq.)By Faraday's law of induction: VS=. Perfect coupling implies infinitely high core magnetic permeability and winding inductances and zero net magnetomotive force. This varying magnetic field at the secondary winding induces a varying EMF or voltage in the secondary winding due to electromagnetic induction. The primary and secondary windings are wrapped around a core of infinitely high magnetic permeability. With a voltage source connected to the primary winding and load impedance connected to the secondary winding, the transformer currents flow in the indicated directions. However, some sources use the inverse definition. In practice, some flux traverses paths that take it outside the windings. It is not directly a power loss, but results in inferior voltage regulation, causing the secondary voltage not to be directly proportional to the primary voltage, particularly under heavy load. It can be shown that if the percent impedance. VA unit in parallel with 1,0. VA unit, the larger unit would carry twice the current). However, the impedance tolerances of commercial transformers are significant. Practice here in the UK differs somewhat in that it is almost unknown to utilise 3 single phase transformers for 3 phase service. A 3 phase service from the smallest.Single-phase Pad-mounted Distribution Transformer. This single-phase pad-mounted distribution transformer is an American box-type product, and it only. Also, the Z impedance and X/R ratio of different capacity transformers tends to vary, corresponding 1,0. VA and 5. 00 k. VA units' values being, to illustrate, respectively, Z . Magnetizing current is in phase with the flux, the relationship between the two being non- linear due to saturation effects. However, all impedances of the equivalent circuit shown are by definition linear and such non- linearity effects are not typically reflected in transformer equivalent circuits. With open- circuited secondary winding, magnetizing branch current I0 equals transformer no- load current. This introduces error but allows combination of primary and referred secondary resistances and reactances by simple summation as two series impedances. Transformer equivalent circuit impedance and transformer ratio parameters can be derived from the following tests: open- circuit test. Positively increasing instantaneous current entering the primary winding's dot end induces positive polarity voltage at the secondary winding's dot end. However, properties such as core loss and conductor skin effect also increase with frequency.
Aircraft and military equipment employ 4. Hz power supplies which reduce core and winding weight. Hz and 2. 5 Hz) than normal utility frequencies (5. Consequently, the transformers used to step- down the high overhead line voltages (e. V) were much larger and heavier for the same power rating than those required for the higher frequencies. At a lower frequency, the magnetizing current will increase. Operation of a transformer at other than its design frequency may require assessment of voltages, losses, and cooling to establish if safe operation is practical. For example, transformers may need to be equipped with 'volts per hertz' over- excitation, ANSI function 2. One example is in traction transformers used for electric multiple unit and high- speed train service operating across regions with different electrical standards. The development of switching power semiconductor devices and complex integrated circuits made switch- mode power supplies viable, to generate a high frequency from a much lower one (or DC), change the voltage level with a small transformer, and, if necessary, rectify the changed voltage. Energy losses. Real transformer energy losses are dominated by winding resistance joule and core losses. Transformers' efficiency tends to improve with increasing transformer capacity. The efficiency of typical distribution transformers is between about 9. Hysteresis and eddy current losses are constant at all load levels and dominate overwhelmingly without load, while variable winding joule losses dominating increasingly as load increases. The no- load loss can be significant, so that even an idle transformer constitutes a drain on the electrical supply. Designing energy efficient transformers for lower loss requires a larger core, good- quality silicon steel, or even amorphous steel for the core and thicker wire, increasing initial cost. The choice of construction represents a trade- off between initial cost and operating cost. As frequency increases, skin effect and proximity effect causes the winding's resistance and, hence, losses to increase. Core losses. Hysteresis losses. Each time the magnetic field is reversed, a small amount of energy is lost due to hysteresis within the core. According to Steinmetz's formula, the heat energy due to hysteresis is given by. Wh. Eddy currents therefore circulate within the core in a plane normal to the flux, and are responsible for resistive heating of the core material. The eddy current loss is a complex function of the square of supply frequency and inverse square of the material thickness. However, any leakage flux that intercepts nearby conductive materials such as the transformer's support structure will give rise to eddy currents and be converted to heat. This energy incites vibration transmission in interconnected metalwork, thus amplifying audible transformer hum. When windings surround the core, the transformer is core form; when windings are surrounded by the core, the transformer is shell form. At higher voltage and power ratings, shell form transformers tend to be more prevalent. Each lamination is insulated from its neighbors by a thin non- conducting layer of insulation. Thinner laminations reduce losses. The cut- core or C- core type is made by winding a steel strip around a rectangular form and then bonding the layers together. It is then cut in two, forming two C shapes, and the core assembled by binding the two C halves together with a steel strap. When power is then reapplied, the residual field will cause a high inrush current until the effect of the remaining magnetism is reduced, usually after a few cycles of the applied AC waveform. On transformers connected to long, overhead power transmission lines, induced currents due to geomagnetic disturbances during solar storms can cause saturation of the core and operation of transformer protection devices. The higher initial cost of the core material is offset over the life of the transformer by its lower losses at light load. These materials combine high magnetic permeability with high bulk electrical resistivity. For frequencies extending beyond the VHF band, cores made from non- conductive magnetic ceramic materials called ferrites are common. The closed ring shape eliminates air gaps inherent in the construction of an E- I core. The primary and secondary coils are often wound concentrically to cover the entire surface of the core. This minimizes the length of wire needed and provides screening to minimize the core's magnetic field from generating electromagnetic interference. Toroidal transformers are more efficient than the cheaper laminated E- I types for a similar power level. Other advantages compared to E- I types, include smaller size (about half), lower weight (about half), less mechanical hum (making them superior in audio amplifiers), lower exterior magnetic field (about one tenth), low off- load losses (making them more efficient in standby circuits), single- bolt mounting, and greater choice of shapes. The main disadvantages are higher cost and limited power capacity (see Classification parameters below). Because of the lack of a residual gap in the magnetic path, toroidal transformers also tend to exhibit higher inrush current, compared to laminated E- I types. Ferrite toroidal cores are used at higher frequencies, typically between a few tens of kilohertz to hundreds of megahertz, to reduce losses, physical size, and weight of inductive components. A drawback of toroidal transformer construction is the higher labor cost of winding. This is because it is necessary to pass the entire length of a coil winding through the core aperture each time a single turn is added to the coil. As a consequence, toroidal transformers rated more than a few k. VA are uncommon. Relatively few toroids are offered with power ratings above 1. VA, and practically none above 2. VA. Small distribution transformers may achieve some of the benefits of a toroidal core by splitting it and forcing it open, then inserting a bobbin containing primary and secondary windings. The air which comprises the magnetic circuit is essentially lossless, and so an air- core transformer eliminates loss due to hysteresis in the core material. They're also used for resonant transformers such as Tesla coils where they can achieve reasonably low loss in spite of the high leakage inductance. Windings. Windings are usually arranged concentrically to minimize flux leakage. The transposition equalizes the current flowing in each strand of the conductor, and reduces eddy current losses in the winding itself. The stranded conductor is also more flexible than a solid conductor of similar size, aiding manufacture. Coils are split into sections, and those sections interleaved between the sections of the other winding. Power- frequency transformers may have taps at intermediate points on the winding, usually on the higher voltage winding side, for voltage adjustment. Yes, I have some application notes fro a Westinghouse transformer design engineer with states as such from years/ago but when I researched this statement I coulded substantiate it. The three- phase k. VA load must be reduced by the same percentage as that added by the singlephase load. Additional loading beyond 5 percent may cause the transformer to overheat and fail. If the single- phase load is in excess of 5 percent, it is recommended that a separate singlephase unit be used to handle the load.. Single- phase Pad- mounted Distribution Transformer . This single- phase pad- mounted distribution transformer is an American box- type product, and it only takes up about 1/3 of the space that a pad- mounted substation (European pad- mounted transformer) occupies. Our product adopts fully sealed and insulated frame to deliver desired performance in a safe and reliable way, and it has compact structure as well as beautiful appearance. It doesn't ask for a power distribution room, and it can be set indoors or outdoors directly, such as beside the street or inside the green belt. This is not only a power supply device, but also a decorative facility for the environment. The pad- mounted distribution transformer could directly power electrical loads, and it could also work as part of the ring network power supply system. The convenient switching operation realizes reliable and flexible power supply. The dual fuse full range protection cuts down the operating cost to a large extent, while the cable head, with good overload capability, allows live- line working. In addition, the box undergoes special treatment to obtain qualified corrosion resistance. The cable head for 1. KV bushing could be plugged or unplugged for many times at load current of 2. A. It serves as load switch under emergent conditions, and it has some features of disconnect switch. Moreover, the oil has a high ignition temperature, thus avoiding the possibility of catching fire. The S9 and S1. 1 products possess low loss, low noise and long life span. Advantages. This pad- mounted distribution transformer, unlike conventional ones, integrates different components inside the box, and it shows the advantages of small size, light weight, low noise, low loss, high reliability and more. Applications. Owing to the properties above, our product has found applications in different places, such as schools, hospitals, enterprises, airports, railway stations, residential areas, business centers, mining factories, etc. Technical Parameters. Type Rated power (k. VA) HV rating (V) Tapping range (%) LV rating (V) Loss (W) No- load loss Full- load loss 5k. VA 5 1. 32. 00/7. Top 3 Turmeric Benefits . But evidence is accumulating that this brightly colored relative of ginger is a promising disease- preventive agent as well, probably due largely to its anti inflammatory action. One of the most comprehensive summaries of turmeric benefits studies to date was published by the respected ethnobotanist James A. Duke, Phd., in the October, 2. Alternative & Complementary Therapies, and summarized in the July, 2. American Botanical Council publication Herb. Clip. Reviewing some 7. Duke concluded that turmeric appears to outperform many pharmaceuticals in its effects against several chronic, debilitating diseases, and does so with virtually no adverse side effects. Turmeric Health Benefits. Here are some of the diseases that turmeric has been found to help prevent or alleviate: Alzheimer’s disease: Duke found more than 5. It only takes 3 questions to help diagnose what type of headache you have. Oz explains how you can tell the difference between a tension headache, a migraine and. Four Methods: Stopping the Pain Using Natural Remedies Preventing Headaches With Lifestyle Fixes Preventing. Hyman, you often talk about superfoods and their benefits," writes this week's house call. Caffeine can be a headache trigger or headache inhibitor. Caffeine can be found in beverages, chocolate and even in some popular over-the-counter and prescription. What is the 3 day diet plan? Get a detailed overview of the 3 day diet plan that features a summary, tips, a menu of predetermined foods, FAQs, and more. I am thankful I have never had a migraine headache before, but migraine headaches are one of the most common health conditions in the world. Alzheimer’s disease. The reports indicate that extracts of turmeric contain a number of natural agents that block the formation of beta- amyloid, the substance responsible for the plaques that slowly obstruct cerebral function in Alzheimer’s disease. Arthritis: Turmeric contains more than two dozen anti inflammatory compounds, including six different COX- 2- inhibitors (the COX- 2 enzyme promotes pain, swelling and inflammation; inhibitors selectively block that enzyme). By itself, writes Duke, curcumin – the component in turmeric most often cited for its healthful effects – is a multifaceted anti inflammatory agent, and studies of the efficacy of curcumin have demonstrated positive changes in arthritic symptoms. Cancer: Duke found more than 2. He noted that in the handbook Phytochemicals: Mechanisms of Action, curcumin and/or turmeric were effective in animal models in prevention and/or treatment of colon cancer, mammary cancer, prostate cancer, murine hepatocarcinogenesis (liver cancer in rats), esophageal cancer, and oral cancer. Duke said that the effectiveness of the herb against these cancers compared favorably with that reported for pharmaceuticals. How can you get more turmeric into your diet to benefit your health? One way is via turmeric tea. There are also turmeric extracts in tablet and capsule form available in health food stores; look for supercritical extracts in dosages of 4. And, of course, one can simply indulge in more curried dishes, either in restaurants or at home. However you do it, adding turmeric to your diet is one of the best moves toward optimal health you can make. The 20/20 Diet (2015) is a cycling diet with 3 phases per 30-day cycle. Focus on 20 power foods to boost metabolism and make you feel full. Eat 4 times a day, with. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
July 2017
Categories |